from:
iface eth0 inet dhcp
to:
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.165.248.252
netmask 255.255.248.0
gateway 10.165.248.1
broadcast 10.165.248.255
network 10.165.248.0
and restart:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
(optionally you can adjust your /etc/resolv.conf (to update DNS servers, and search paths)
The changed IP is immediately visible.
How surprised I was when after couple of hours the IP was changed back to the one from the DHCP pool. (resolv.conf was then automatically updated from the DHCP server)
Solution was to kill the dhcp3-client. (and change again the resolv.conf and restart networking)